The turkey industry is facing renewed challenges as outbreaks of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) continue to surface across the globe. From Iowa to Britain, turkey farms are grappling with the devastating effects of the virus, prompting increased surveillance and biosecurity measures.
Avian Flu Cases on the Rise
In February 2025, the Iowa Department of Agriculture and Land Stewardship and the USDA detected a case of H5N1 HPAI in a commercial turkey flock in Buena Vista County, Iowa. This marks the third detection of H5N1 HPAI within domestic birds in Iowa in 2025. H5N1 HPAI can be fatal to domestic bird populations. Consumers are reminded to properly handle and cook eggs and poultry products to an internal temperature of 165˚F.
Across the Atlantic, turkey farms in Britain experienced outbreaks of bird flu in late December 2024, leading to the culling of tens of thousands of birds. Highly pathogenic avian influenza has been detected at 11 sites since the start of November, primarily affecting farms in Norfolk.
USDA Updates Policy for Turkey Flocks
In response to the ongoing threat, the USDA’s Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) is updating its policy for pre-slaughter surveillance to enhance testing of turkey flocks in states affected by HPAI. This includes implementing isolation with clinical monitoring and pre-movement testing 72 hours before slaughter for turkey premises outside control areas in HPAI-affected states. The enhanced pre-slaughter surveillance will be piloted in Minnesota and South Dakota, starting with turkey premises greater than 500 birds. This action follows the discovery of a genetic link between potentially infected turkeys, HPAI H5N1 virus found in raw pet food, and an infected household cat.
Impact on Consumers and the Industry
The spread of avian flu raises concerns about the turkey supply chain and potential price increases. Consumers are advised to follow safe handling and cooking practices to minimize any risk. The CDC continues to believe the threat to the general public remains low.
Youth Involvement in Turkey Farming
Despite the challenges, initiatives like the Southeast Turkey Project in North Carolina offer young people the chance to engage in turkey farming, learn about biosecurity, and understand food systems. Additionally, young wild turkey hunters in Ohio checked 1,740 birds during the special youth-only turkey hunt weekend, according to the Ohio Department of Natural Resources.
Looking Ahead
The turkey industry faces ongoing challenges from avian flu outbreaks and rising feed costs. Continued vigilance, enhanced biosecurity measures, and innovative approaches are crucial for ensuring the future of turkey farming.