In a move hailed as “historic” by the UN Special Envoy for Syria, Geir Pedersen, the United States and the European Union have recently lifted economic sanctions on Syria. This decision, announced by the EU on May 20, 2025, following a similar action by the US the previous week, aims to bolster Syria’s economic recovery and facilitate its transition after the ousting of Bashar al-Assad in December 2024.
However, the US State Department clarified on May 22, 2025, that the lifting of sanctions will be a complex and coordinated process, not an immediate overnight change. The administration is working to expedite this effort, while the UN emphasizes the importance of establishing a representative People’s Assembly and safeguarding the rights of women and girls.
In tandem with these developments, Syria’s interim government has announced the formation of the National Commission for Transitional Justice and the National Commission for Missing Persons. These bodies are seen as crucial steps toward rebuilding trust and addressing war crimes committed during the long and brutal conflict.
Despite the easing of sanctions and efforts to establish transitional justice mechanisms, violence persists. Clashes continue between the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) and Turkey-backed groups in northern Syria, exacerbating sectarian tensions and leading to further displacement. The ongoing instability raises concerns about whether reconstruction efforts can truly outpace the persistent violence.
Analysts are closely watching how the sanctions relief will translate into tangible improvements for the Syrian people, amid concerns that the ongoing security challenges could undermine any progress. The UN’s role in facilitating a smooth transition, ensuring inclusive governance, and addressing the urgent humanitarian needs will be critical in the months ahead.