Syria’s interim President Ahmad al-Sharaa recently signed a constitutional declaration outlining a five-year transitional period. While this move aims to establish a framework for the future, a key provision has sparked considerable debate: the declaration stipulates that Islam must be the religion of the president and that Islamic jurisprudence serves as the main source of legislation. This raises critical questions about the future of Syrian governance: Is this a genuine reflection of the Syrian people’s will, or a strategic maneuver to consolidate power?
The Declaration: A Closer Look
The constitutional declaration, signed in March 2025, arrives after a tumultuous period in Syrian history. Following the removal of Bashar al-Assad in December 2024 by insurgent forces led by Hayat Tahrir al-Sham, the nation stands at a crossroads. The inclusion of Islamic law as a foundational element could be interpreted in several ways. To some, it may represent a return to traditional values and a rejection of the Assad regime’s secular Ba’athist ideology. For others, particularly secular and minority groups, it raises concerns about potential marginalization and the erosion of civil liberties.
Power Dynamics and Regional Implications
The timing of this declaration is crucial. With various factions vying for influence in post-Assad Syria, the emphasis on Islamic law could be a strategic attempt by al-Sharaa’s interim government to garner support from Islamist groups and solidify its control. It is also important to consider regional influences. Neighboring countries with established Islamic legal systems may view this declaration favorably, potentially leading to increased political and economic support for the interim government. However, Western nations and international organizations may express reservations, particularly if they perceive a threat to human rights and democratic principles.
The International Response
The UK’s recent decision to lift asset freezes on Syrian defense and interior ministries, as well as several intelligence agencies, further complicates the situation. While the UK government states this is part of a reassessment of policies toward Syria, it could be interpreted as tacit support for the new power dynamics within the country. Combined with the constitutional declaration, this shift in international posture could embolden the interim government and further entrench Islamic law in the Syrian legal system.
Looking Ahead
The long-term implications of Syria’s constitutional declaration remain uncertain. Whether it genuinely reflects the will of the Syrian people or serves as a tool for political consolidation will depend on how it is implemented and interpreted in practice. Protecting the rights of all Syrians, regardless of their religious or ethnic background, will be essential to ensuring a stable and inclusive future. The coming months will be critical in determining whether Syria’s path leads towards a more inclusive and democratic society or towards a future dominated by religious law and authoritarian rule.
