Syria is facing a renewed crisis as sectarian violence escalates and international involvement shifts. Recent Israeli airstrikes have intensified tensions, claiming civilian lives and drawing condemnation from the Syrian government, which views the strikes as a violation of international law. Israel asserts these actions are necessary to protect the Druze minority from potential government aggression. Concurrently, clashes between pro-government forces and Druze fighters near Damascus have resulted in a staggering loss of life, with reports indicating over 100 fatalities. The Syrian Observatory for Human Rights highlights that in just two days, clashes involving security forces, loyalists, and revenge killings have led to over 1,000 deaths, including 745 civilians. The violence has disrupted essential services, with electricity and drinking water cut off in areas around Latakia.
Amidst this turmoil, international actors are making significant moves. Saudi Arabia and Qatar are poised to resolve Syria’s debt to the World Bank, while the IMF is preparing to assist Syria in reintegrating into the global economy, having appointed a mission chief after a 14-year hiatus. In a notable policy shift, the UK has lifted sanctions against certain Syrian government agencies and media outlets.
The UN has also addressed the Israeli airstrikes in Syria and Gaza, signaling international concern over the escalating situation. These developments occur against the backdrop of Syria’s prolonged conflict, which began in 2011. The conflict, stemming from Arab Spring protests, has evolved into a complex civil war involving multiple factions and external powers, leading to widespread devastation and a major refugee crisis.